Chronic hepatitis B is a serious public health problem that affects millions of people worldwide and can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. The disease results from an infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and, following the acute phase, becomes chronic in some individuals because their immune system is unable to completely clear the virus. Over time, chronic infection causes progressive liver damage, which can lead to serious complications such as cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma.
HBV transmission primarily occurs through perinatal routes (from mother to baby during childbirth), percutaneous routes (contact with blood and blood products), unprotected sexual contact, and through open wounds or cuts exposed to infected blood. Transmission is also possible through close personal contact among individuals living in the same household. Healthcare workers, individuals at high risk of frequent blood exposure, and immunocompromised individuals are particularly at higher risk.
Vaccination is the most effective and reliable method of preventing hepatitis B infection. For this reason, vaccination programs initiated immediately after birth are of critical importance, particularly in preventing perinatal transmission. In addition, raising public awareness, identifying at-risk groups, detecting infected individuals through early diagnosis, and monitoring them regularly are of great importance in controlling the spread of the disease. Implementing appropriate infection control measures and adopting safe lifestyle habits also contribute significantly to prevention.
